Who Contributes to Inflation? – Key Drivers of Price Growth

In February 2025, the annual inflation rate stood at 2.4% (source: Geostat). This means that, on average, the prices of goods and services have increased by this percentage compared to the same period last year. However, price increases are not evenly distributed—some categories have seen significant growth, while others have remained relatively stable.

Looking at the composition of inflation, it is clear that it is now primarily driven by food and beverages, alcoholic beverages and tobacco, as well as service costs. These categories account for a significant portion of consumer spending since they are essential for daily life. In previous years, inflation was largely influenced by transportation and fuel prices, but their impact has declined, while food and service costs have become more dominant.

Food and non-alcoholic beverage prices have increased by 3.7%. Within this group, the most significant increases were observed in oils and fats, which rose by 15%, coffee, tea, and cocoa by 11%, and vegetables and garden produce by 10%. Among individual products, cabbage saw the highest price increase at 73%, followed by garlic at 23% and potatoes at 11%.

Prices in the alcoholic beverages and tobacco category have increased by 5%. This category also holds a notable share in consumer spending. The price of imported cigarettes has risen by 3%.

The healthcare sector has also played a significant role in inflation. Prices in this category have increased by 5.4%. Medical services are a necessity for people of all ages, and rising costs pose an additional burden on households requiring regular care. Hospital services have become 8% more expensive, impacting both planned and emergency treatments. Outpatient medical services have increased by 7%, leading to higher costs for doctor consultations and medical tests. In the pharmaceutical sector, painkillers have increased by 19%, while anti-inflammatory drugs have risen by 10%.

Various services have also become more expensive. Insurance costs have increased by 13%, affecting individuals who rely on private health insurance. The hospitality sector, including hotels and restaurants, has seen a 7% price hike, raising expenses for tourism and leisure activities.

Over the past year, the structure of inflation has shifted. In the first half of 2023, transport and fuel prices had the greatest impact on inflation, as fuel was a necessary expense for most consumers. However, in recent months, the influence of these categories has decreased, while food and service costs have taken on a more significant role.