Global Water Crisis: A New Reality and Emerging Challenges

In 2025, water scarcity is becoming a serious economic and social problem across different regions of the world. In Brazil, São Paulo state experienced one of the most severe droughts of the past decade this spring, leading to a sharp decline in drinking water reserves and mass migration from rural areas. In India, where about 80% of water resources are used for agriculture, river drying and falling groundwater levels are threatening many farming regions, especially Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

In Europe, problems are becoming increasingly visible as well — in northern Italy, the Po River basin has reached its lowest water level in the past twenty years. This affects not only agriculture but also energy production, as the region heavily relies on hydropower. A similar situation is unfolding in Spain, where the Catalonian government has imposed strict water usage restrictions.

Globally, pressure on water resources is further intensified by rapid urbanization, industrial expansion, and extreme events caused by climate change. For example, Cape Town in South Africa once again faces the threat of reaching “Day Zero” — the point at which the city’s drinking water reservoirs would be completely depleted. In such circumstances, the challenge is not only obtaining water but also managing it effectively: improved infrastructure, better water storage systems, and increased public awareness are becoming essential.

Georgia, although relatively better positioned with its water resources (especially in the western regions), is not entirely free from concerns. In recent years, eastern Georgia — particularly Kakheti and Shida Kartli — has experienced more frequent droughts, causing significant damage to the agricultural sector. While Georgia cannot directly influence global climate processes, it can strengthen internal adaptation measures: improving irrigation systems, developing water storage infrastructure, and encouraging water-saving policies. Otherwise, the water crisis could hit Georgia harder in the future.