The Transformation of Doctoral Education in Georgia – Quantitative Decline or Qualitative Growth?

Significant changes are observed in doctoral education in Georgia. In recent years, the number of doctoral enrollments has decreased considerably, but this is not necessarily a negative trend. The question is whether this change indicates a crisis or, on the contrary, signals an improvement in research quality and a reassessment of academic focus.

In 2024, out of 700 doctoral enrollments, the largest share belongs to social sciences, business, and law—294 students (42%). This is followed by healthcare and social protection—100 (14%), science—112 (16%), and engineering and construction fields with only 50 students (7%). Globally, doctoral programs in technology and natural sciences tend to have a higher share, particularly in countries where research and innovation play a crucial role in the economy. For example, in the US and Germany, a significant portion of doctoral students specialize in engineering, data science, and biotechnology, whereas in Georgia, social sciences still dominate. The real needs of the economy and academic focus do not fully align.

Now, let’s turn to enrollment dynamics. The most significant decline is observed in social sciences—694 students in 2019, down to 294 in 2024. This field is no longer as prioritized for doctoral studies as before, or its impact on the job market has diminished. If less valuable doctoral programs are gradually disappearing, this may be considered a natural transformation of the education system.

The decline in science and engineering fields is more concerning. In 2019, 159 doctoral students were enrolled in engineering programs, but by 2024, this number had dropped to just 50. The lack of research funding and academic resources in these areas affects technological development and the country’s competitiveness. For innovative sectors, technological research is essential, and if this field does not develop, the country may lag in global competition.

The healthcare field remains relatively stable—126 students in 2019 and 100 in 2024. Medical research remains relevant, linked to growing demand in the healthcare sector and international trends.

The decline in doctoral education is not necessarily a problem. It may be part of a transformation process where fewer but more effective research initiatives emerge. The key question is how resources are allocated and how well the education system adapts to economic needs. For years, doctoral programs have been overly formal; now, they are being “refined,” which may turn out to be a positive trend if the remaining programs offer real value.